The most important articles of the Indian Constitution
S. No.
Elements
Article
1.
Fundamental Rights
12-35
2.
Directive Principles of State Policy
36 – 51
3.
Fundamental Duties specified for citizens of India
51 A
4.
Official Language of Union Government of India – Hindi (Until it was changed to English)
343
5.
Imposition of President’s Rule
356
6.
Autonomous Status to the state of Jammu & Kashmir
370
7.
Repeals India Independence Act and Government of India Act, 1935
395
Other Important articles you must read and get a fair idea
Part of the Indian Constitution
Elements
Article
I
India as Union of States & the territories of the states
1
Admission and Establishment of New States
2
Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States
3
II
Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution
5
Rights of citizenship of a certain person who has migrated to India from Pakistan
6
Continuance of the rights of citizenship
10
Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.
11
III
Definition of the State
12
Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights
13
Fundamental Rights of the Citizens of India
14-35
1. Right to Equality
14 -18
a) Right to Equality – Equality before the law
14
b) Right to Equality – Prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex. Or place of birth
15
c) Right to Equality – Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
16
d) Right to Equality – Abolition of the untouchability
17
e) Right to Equality – Abolition of titles
18
2. Right to Freedom
19-22
a) Guarantees to all the citizens of India
Right to freedom of speech and expressionRight to assemble peacefully and without armsRight to form associations or unionsRight to move freely throughout the territory of IndiaRight to reside and settle in any part of the territory of IndiaRight to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade, and business
19
b) Protection in respect of conviction for offences
20
c) Protection of life & personal liberty
21
d) Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
22
Also Read:
a) Right to Information
19(1)
b) Right to privacy
21
c) Right to education
21(A)
3. Right Against Exploitation
23-24
a) Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
23
b) Prohibition of employment of children in factories and mines for under the age of 14
24
4. Right to Freedom of Religion
25 – 28
a) Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
25
b) Freedom to manage religious affairs
26
c) Freedom as to pay taxes for promotion of any particular religion
27
d) Freedom from attending religious instruction
28
5. Cultural & Educational Rights
29 – 30
a) Protection of interest of minorities
29
b) The right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
30
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies
31 – 35
a) Right to property (Repealed/Abolished)
31
b) Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights
32
c) Power of Parliament to modify the rights in their application to Forces, etc.
33
d) Restriction on rights while martial law is in force in any area
34
e) Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution,
Parliament shall have, and the Legislature of a State shall not have, the power to make lawsAny law in force immediately before the commencement of this Constitution in the territory of India continue in force until altered or repealed or amended by Parliament Explanation
35
IV
Directive Principles of State Policy
36-51
1. Definition
36
2. Application of the Principles
37
3. State to Secure a social order for the promotion of the welfare of people
38
4. Certain principles of policy to be followed by the state
39
5. Equal Justice & free legal aid
39 (A)
6. The organisation of Village panchayats
40
7. Right to work, to education, and to public assistance in certain cases
41
8. Provision for just and humane conditions of work & maternity relief
42
9. Living Wages, etc. for Workers
43
10. Participation of workers in management of industries
43 (A)
11. Uniform Civil Code for the citizens
44
12. Provision for free & compulsory education for children (stands substituted until date further announced)
45
13. Promotion of educational and economic interest of scheduled castes, ST, and OBC
46
14. The duty of the state to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health
47
15. The organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry
48
16. Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife
48 (A)
17. Protection of monuments and places and objects of natural importance
49
18. Separation of judiciary from the executive
50
19. Promotion of international peace and security
51
20. Fundamental Duties (originally 10 & now 11 duties by the 86thamendment act 2002)
a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem
b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom
c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India
d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so
e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women
f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture
g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures
h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform
i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence
j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement
k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years (Stands not-in-force until the date is notified)
51 (A)
V
The Union
52 – 151
The President of India
52
Executive Power of the union
53
Election of President
54
The manner of election of President
55
Procedure for Impeachment of the President
61
The Vice President of India
63
Election of Vice-president
66
Pardoning powers of President
72
Council of Ministers to aid and advise President
74
Constitution of Parliament
79
The speakers and Deputy speakers of the house of the people
93
Powers, Privileges, etc of the House of Parliament
105
Special procedure in respect of money bills
109
Definition of “Money Bills”.
110
Annual Financial Budget
112
Appropriation Bills
114
Powers of the President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of parliament
123
Establishment of Supreme Court
124
Appointment of acting Chief justice
126
Supreme court to be a court of Record
129
The seat of the Supreme court
130
Special leaves for appeal to the Supreme Court
136
Review of judgement or orders by the Supreme court
137
The decision of the Supreme Court binding on all the courts
141
Comptroller and Auditor- General of India
148
Duties & Powers of CAG
149
VI
The States
152 – 237
Definition
152
Governors of the State
153
The executive power of the State
154
Appointment of Governor
155
The term of office of Governor
156
Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies
160
Pardoning powers of the Governor
161
Advocate-General of the State
165
Language to be used in the Legislature
210
Power of Governor to promulgate ordinances
213
High Courts for states
214
High Courts to be a court of record
215
Power of High Courts to issue certain writs
226
Appointment of District judges
233
Control over Sub-Ordinate Courts
235
VII
The States (Part B) – Repealed in the 7th Amendment Act, 1956
238
VIII
The Union Territories
239 – 242
Administration of Union Territories
239
Special provisions with respect to Delhi
239 (AA)
Power of President to make regulations for certain Union territories
240
High Courts for Union territories
241
IX
The Panchayats
243 A-O
a) Definitions
243
b) Gram Sabha
243 (A)
c) Constitution of Panchayats
243 (B)
d) Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats
243 (G)
e) Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters
243 (O)
IX (A)
The Municipalities
243 P – ZG
X
The Scheduled & Tribal Areas
244
XI
Relations between the Union & the states
245 – 263
XII
Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits
264 – 300
Interpretation
264
Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States.
266
Contingency Fund
267
Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the States
268
Taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the States
269
Taxes levied and distributed between the Union and the States
270
Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union
271
Finance Commission
280
Borrowing by the Government of India
292
Borrowing by States
293
Suits and proceedings
300
XIII
Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the Territory of India
301 – 307
Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse
301
Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse
302
Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304
307
XIV
Services Under the Union and the States
308 – 323
Interpretation
308
Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State
309
All-India services
312
Public service commissions for the union and for the states
315
Functions of Public Service Commission
320
XIV (A)
Tribunals
323 (A) – 323 (B)
Administrative Tribunals
323 (A)
Tribunals for other matters
323 (B)
XV
Elections
324 – 329
Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission
324
No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex
325
Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage
326
XVI
Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes
330 – 342
National Commission for the SC, & ST
338
Appointment of a commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes
340
Scheduled Castes
341
Scheduled Tribes
342
XVII
Official Language
343 – 351
The official language of the Union
343
Official languages or languages of states
345
Languages to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts
348
Directive for development of the Hindi languages
351
XVIII
Emergency Provisions
352 – 360
Proclamation of Emergency
352
The duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance
355
Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States
356
Provisions as to financial emergency
360
XIX
Miscellaneous
361 – 367
Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs
361
Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union
365
Definitions
366
Interpretation
367
XX
Amendment of the Constitutions
368
XXI
Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions
369 – 392
Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List
369
Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir
370
XXII
Short title – This Constitution may be called the Constitution of India
393 – 395
Short title
393
Commencement
394
Authoritative text in the Hindi language
394 (A)
Repeals
395
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